Pharmacy E-books » Pharmacology

The Textbook of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 6th Edition

Madjackfrost — Wed, 01 Sep 2010 04:34:07 +0000

The Textbook of Pharmaceutical Medicine is a standard reference for all those working in pharmaceutical medicine and the recognised text for the UK Faculty of Pharmaceutical Medicine Diploma. This is a comprehensive volume covering the processes by which medicines are developed, tested and approved. Regulations for drug development in the UK, EU, USA, Australia and Japan are discussed, providing relevant information for drug approval in the main continents where new drugs are developed.

The chapters are written by leading academics, medical directors and lawyers, providing authoritative and in-depth information for trainees on the Faculty course, and for physicians working in the pharmaceutical industry. As well as thorough updating of the regulatory chapters, the 6th edition includes chapters on these vital new areas:

Paediatric regulation
Ethics
Due diligence and the pharmaceutical physician

?Contents:

Part I: Research and development.Introduction: the development of pharmaceutical medicine as a specialty (Susan Bews and Huw Jones).

1 Discovery of new medicines (Anand S Dutta).

2 Pharmaceutical development (Gavin Halbert).

3 Preclinical safety testing (Lutz Mueller and David J Tweats).

4 Exploratory development (John Posner).

5 Clinical pharmacokinetics (Paul Rolan and Valeria Rolan).

6 Purpose and design of clinical trials (Roger A Yates and Steve Warrington).

7 Conduct of clinical trials: good clinical practice (Roger A Yates and Steve Warrington).

8 Medical statistics (Andrew P Grieve).

9 Development of medicines: full development (Alan G Davies and Peter D Stonier).

Part II: Medical department issues.

10 The medical department (Peter D Stonier).

11 Medical marketing (David Galloway).

12 Information and promotion (Charles de Wet).

13 The supply of unlicensed medicines for particular patient use (Ian Dodds-Smith, Amanda Wearing and John O’Grady).

14 Ethics of human experimentation (Duncan Vere).

15 Legal and ethical issues relating to medicinal products (David Marks, Nick Beckett, Sarah Hanson and Shuna Mason).

16 The safety of medical products (A. Peter Fletcher and Susan Shaw).

Part III: Regulatory aspects.

17 History of drug regulation in the United Kingdom (John P Griffin and Rashmi R Shah).

18 Regulation of human medicinal products in the European Union (John P Griffin and Rashmi R Shah).

19 Paediatric regulation (Heike Rabe).

20 European regulation of medical devices (Christopher JS Hodges).

21 Technical requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals for human use: the ICH process (Dean W G Harron).

22 The regulation of drug products by the United States Food and Drug Administration (Peter Barton Hutt).

23 The US FDA in the drug development, evaluation and approval process (Richard N Spivey, Judith K Jones, William Wardell and William Vodra).

24 Past evolution and future prospects of the Pharma Industry and its regulation in the USA (William Wardell, William Vodra, Judith K Jones and Richard N Spivey).

25 Regulatory and clinical trial systems in Japan (Yuichi Kubo).

26 The regulation of therapeutic products in Australia (Janice Hirshorn and Deborah Monk).

27 Pharmaceutical medicine in emerging markets (N. Shreeharan).

Part IV: Pharmacoeconomic and other issues.

28 Economics of healthcare (Carole Bradley-Kennedy and Jane R Griffin).

29 Controls on NHS medicines prescribing and expenditure in the UK (a historical perspective) with some international comparisons (John P Griffin and Jane R Griffin).

30 Due diligence and the pharmaceutical physician (Geoff Barker).

Appendix 1 Declaration of Helsinki.

Appendix 2 Code of Practice for the Pharmaceutical Industry.

Appendix 3 Guidelines and Documentation for Implementation of Clinical Trials.

Appendix 4 Directive 2001/20/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 April 2001.

Author Information:

John Griffin BSc, PhD, MBBS, FRCP, FRCPath, FFPM
Director, Asklepieion Consultancy Ltd; Visiting Professor, Unviersity of Surrey Postgraduate Medical School; Former Director, ABPI; Formerly Professional Head of the Medicines Division, DHSS, London.

xPharm: The Comprehensive Pharmacology Reference

Madjackfrost — Mon, 05 Oct 2009 16:15:00 +0000

xPharm, a state of the art, online, comprehensive pharmacology reference work. xPharm is comprised of four searchable and highly interlinked databases covering molecular Targets, including receptors, enzymes, transporters and ion channels, chemical Agents, including both drugs and endogenous compounds, clinical Disorders, and basic pharmacological Principles.

xPharm is designed to exploit the advantages provided by online publishing in allowing a user to customize information retrieval by quickly identifying and linking data from a large reference work. In addition, electronic publishing permits timely updates, which are not possible with printed material. xPharm is unique in that it was constructed from the beginning as an online reference work, rather than trying to adapt a print product to an online venue.

The idea for four databases was driven by the fact that Agents, including drugs, which are the core of pharmacology, act at molecular Targets to treat Disorders. The Principles database is included as a repository of information fundamental to the discipline but generally independent of the chemical entity, site of action, or clinical use. Each xPharm record is composed and reviewed by experts and the information placed within a highly structured format consistent within each database. xPharm is rich in the numerical data used to define pharmacological relationships, with each fact referenced so that more detailed information can be obtained if necessary. All narratives are hyperlinked to related records across databases to facilitate navigation within a subject area. The records are organized in a hierarchical manner to facilitate browsing at increasing levels of specialization depending upon the needs and the background of the user. For example, one could begin with 7 Transmembrane Receptors, then advance to Adrenoceptors, and on to Beta Adrenoceptors and finally to Beta-2 Adrenoceptors. Alternatively, the user can easily navigate from record to record with a click of the mouse. Starting in the Principles record, Intrinsic Regulation of the Vasculature, one might go to the Essential Hypertension record, then to Altenolol and finally to the Beta-1 Adrenoceptor record. xPharm also contains external links to related databases providing a seamless network of pharmacological information including access to full text articles, protein and gene sequences, suppliers, and other related web sites, including those of funding agencies.

xPharm is designed for the bench scientist working in academic, industrial or government laboratories, although students also find it very useful.While clinical information is provided in some records, the work is not intended as a primary source for clinicians and should not be used in this way. Rather, clinical data, such as doses, dosage forms, side effects, and potential drug interactions, are included as background information for those attempting to design or develop new medications, or who are conducting research aimed at defining the molecular mechanisms responsible for certain clinical responses. With regard to targets, emphasis is placed on those proteins known to have pharmacological relevance. Likewise, although information on drug toxicities is included, xPharm is not intended to be a comprehensive toxicology reference.

Currently, xPharm consists of approximately 4000 individual records prepared by nearly 600 authors. If printed it would total over 20,000 pages, making it the world’s largest medical reference work. Additional records are added, and records revised, biannually. Each new record is reviewed by authorities on the topic before it is published, and is revised and updated as necessary.

Non-Prescription Medicines

Madjackfrost — Mon, 28 Sep 2009 20:23:00 +0000

The aim of this book is to help pharmacists and other primary healthcare professionals to make well-informed recommendations, and to give patients sound advice on non-prescription medicines. To this end, all the main categories of OTC medicines are reviewed in this book, under alphabetically arranged sections on the diseases and conditions they are designed to treat. Information is provided on the following aspects of products and their constituents:

• Compounds or constituents
• Mode of action
• Indications
• Side-effects
• Cautions and contraindications
• Interactions
• Dosage ranges
• Presentations and formulations
• Products available and manufacturers (either all products in a category or, in categories where there are a large number of products, a representative selection)

Each section concludes with a summary of key points and suggestions for the most appropriate products to recommend. This edition has been completely revised and brought up to date. New products have been included and assessed, and discontinued products deleted. New opinions on, and approaches to, treatment (e.g. head lice) have been included where appropriate. One entirely new section – on emergency hormonal contraception – has been added.

Drug-Drug Interactions: Scientific and Regulatory Perspective

Madjackfrost — Sun, 27 Sep 2009 21:39:00 +0000

From the author perspective, it is understood that for decades, drug metabolism has been an area of pharmacology that has been interesting in its own right, drawing on the instrumental expertise of analytical chemistry, the elegance of enzymology, and the emerging tools of molecular biology. While serving its primary role as an independent discipline, drug metabolism has also produced a number of important contributions to the development and therapeutics of specific agents.

In the area of pharmacogenetics, several deficiencies of drug-metabolizing enzymes have been reported (e.g., N-acetyltransferase for metabolism of isoniazid). Interactions between coadministered drugs have been described based on either induction of the metabolizing enzymes (e.g., by anticonvulsants) or inhibition (e.g., quinidine and CYP2D6).

As the variety of new drugs has increased and polypharmacy has become commonplace, drug-drug interactions have been gaining in visibility. In less than five years, we have seen an impressively swift change in the paradigm of applications for these studies. All of the elegance and academic interest remain, but there is also a fundamental retargeting of efforts toward predictive approaches rather than retrospective evaluations. Although the identification of metabolic pathways is still a central event for each new drug, there is an immediate emphasis on interpreting these pathways in terms of understanding, anticipating, and avoiding adverse drug-drug interactions. As described in this volume, the set of tools is impressively arrayed for the exploration of metabolic-based interactions, ranging from the classics of microsomes, hepatocytes, or slices, and then intersecting with the realm of molecular biology via recombinant human enzymes and transgenic animal systems.

The organized ventures that procure, process, and distribute human-derived material have overcome the major barriers of availability that hindered past studies. However, this large tool chest in itself does not produce data that are useful to drug development and regulation. The users of the tools, clinical pharmacologists in academia, industry, and regulatory agencies, must focus on those experiments that yield the greatest insight into therapeutics. Once a drug-drug metabolic interaction has been discovered, the implications for further development and regulation can follow one of several scenarios. Most drug-drug interactions change the therapeutic index of one or both agents.

In general, we are concerned about either loss of therapeutic effect or amplification of adverse effects. However, not all interactions are automatically problematic. A few are even intentional, such as the treatment of methanol poisoning with ethanol. Either the parent drug or its metabolite(s) may have therapeutic and/or undesirable pharmacological effects. Thus, the interpretation of the consequences for an interaction depends on the relative therapeutic index of each pharmacologically active species. For example, if the parent compound has a more desirable therapeutic index than the metabolite, then inhibition might be advantageous (although the dose probably needs to be lowered). On the other hand, induction of metabolism of the parent to the metabolite could adversely affect therapy in this situation.

The task of applied methodology development is not complete. By far the greatest gains have come with the family of cytochrome P450 enzymes. We need to develop a similar level of sophistication and to apply the same principles to other reactions of therapeutic interest, such as the various transferases of Phase 2 metabolism. While the most recent work has focused on the evaluation of drugs as potential inhibitors of major metabolic pathways, promising work has also been reported on approaches to evaluating whether a new agent has the potential to induce the metabolism of itself and/or other concomitantly administered drugs.

Overall, the chapters in this book present a comprehensive review of the scientific and regulatory aspects of drug-drug interactions from the point of view of academia, industry, and government agencies. The topics covered include drug metabolism enzymes, toxicology, and in vitro mechanistic approaches, as well as the regulatory perspectives of drug-drug interactions. This book is intended for professionals in the pharmaceutical industry and in the healthcare and governmental regulatory agencies who are interested in the mechanistic understanding of drug-drug interactions, the prediction of the drug drug interaction potential of new drugs, and the avoidance of clinically significant drug-drug interaction in patients. This book should be of interest as well to students and researchers in the areas of pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, and medicine.

Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 2nd Edition

Madjackfrost — Sun, 05 Jul 2009 13:20:00 +0000

The easiest and most trusted way to learn the clinical application of pharmacokinetics. The most current, hands-on book in the field, Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics gives you clear and useful coverage of drug dosing and drug monitoring that no other text can match. It offers the latest standardized techniques and approaches to patient-specific dosing plus new information on more recently monitored drugs.

Written by a nationally recognized authority in pharmacokinetics, Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics is full of essential topics for pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, therapeutics, and clinical pharmacy courses. Alternatively, it can be used as a clinical refresher to brush up on key concepts and procedures. FEATURES NEW! High-yield sections on dosing strategies in all chapters NEW! Up-to-date, ready-to-use information on monitored drugs Valuable coverage of drug dosing in special populations, including patients with renal and hepatic disease, obesity, and congestive heart failure and patients on dialysis All the information that practitioners need regarding drug categories such as antibiotics, cardiovascular agents, anticonvulsants, and immunosuppressants Tools to simplify learning throughout, such as an introductory chapter on clinical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic concepts, examples of calculations, and problems with answers and explanations at the end of each chapter.

From the Back Cover

Putting pharmacokinetics into practice, this timely and comprehensive text delivers the latest procedures and data on today’s drugs and patient-specific dosing.

The best guide to pharmacokinetics for real-life pharmacy practice
Ideal for students, pharmacists, and other clinicians who want clear, useful, and up-to-date coverage of the latest standardized techniques and most recent pharmacokinetically monitored drugs
Essential topics for pharmaceutics, pharmacokinetics, therapeutics, and clinical pharmacy courses or can be used in a self-directed manner to self-teach or review important concepts and techniques
Inside: essential information on approaches to drug-dosing and monitoring in individual patients, including the latest data on serum concentrations, written by a nationally recognized leader in pharmacokinetics

The most up-to-date and practical text in the field, Applied Clinical Pharmacokinetics features–

Clear, useful coverage of drug dosing and drug monitoring today
Focus on the latest standardized techniques and approaches to patient-specific dosing
Up-to-date information on more recently monitored drugs
Essential information on drug dosing in special populations, including patients with renal and hepatic disease, obesity, and congestive heart failure
All the information practitioners need on drug categories such as antibiotics, cardiovascular agents, anticonvulsants, and immunosuppressants
Full coverage of drugs such as Aminoglycosides, Vancomycin, Digoxin, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Theophylline, Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, and Lithium
Clear and concise summary of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic concepts
Practical help with calculations and equations
50 useful charts and illustrations
18 chapters that provide needed hands-on guidance in techniques, procedures, and approaches
Tools that make learning and use easier, including a principle-clarifying introductory chapter, examples of calculations, and questions and answers to test your understanding

pharmacology demystified

Madjackfrost — Wed, 04 Mar 2009 19:22:00 +0000

Just the prescription for mastering pharmacology! .Looking forward to locking in a great, secure job in the booming healthcare field? Well, before you can graduate and get your license, you have to pass that challenging compulsory course in pharmacology. Luckily, there’s no need to be intimidated or confused. In Pharmacology Demystified, Dr. Mary Kamienski — a top nurse practitioner trainer — joins forces with Jim Keogh, author of over 60 best-selling self-help books, to give non-pharmacology majors a fast, easy, and practical way to get on top of this tough subject..

Pharmacology Demystified starts you off by fully explaining concepts and practices in easily understood everyday language. Then, this unique guide leads you forward?at your own pace — to the mastery of formal medical terms and skills required on exams and on the job. Summations of key points, background information, quizzes at the end of each chapter, and a “final exam” reinforce learning every step of the way and guarantee your success. .

If you want to achieve a high comfort level with pharmacology’s concepts, terminology, and skills, here’s the self-teaching course that will get you there. Get ready to:.

Learn the essential fundamentals of pharmacology, including definitions, standards, drug actions/interactions, the nursing process and pharmacology, prescription and medical abbreviations, and more.
Discover how drugs are selected to treat diseases that affect different organ systems.
See exactly how to prepare and administer all types of drugs.
Identify the signs of patients? reactions to drugs.
Explore ways to properly store drugs.
Teach patients to use their medications safely and effectively.
Take a “final exam” and grade it yourself!

Simple enough for beginners but challenging enough for advanced students, Pharmacology Demystified is a lively and effective brush-up, introductory text, or classroom supplement that puts all the practical aspects of pharmacology at your fingertips

Mood Disorders: A Handbook of Science and Practice

Madjackfrost — Wed, 04 Mar 2009 19:18:00 +0000

The book is organised into three parts: Part I, Unipolar Depression; Part II, Bipolar Depression; and Part III, General Issues. Chapters in Parts I and II discuss classification, biological models, CBT and other treatment approaches for each disorder. Part II covers approaches to assessment, suicide and depression in older adults. The final chapter offers a summary and suggests new directions for research and practice.

Advances in clinical understanding of diagnosis, pathophysiology, comorbidity and treatment are clearly presented.

Strong emphasis on a complex approach to mood disorders, with both psychological and biological perspectives on causes and treatment covered

Addresses issues such as diagnosis, the relation of depression to bipolar disorder and psychotherapeutic treatments.

Modern Pharmacology With Clinical Applications

Madjackfrost — Wed, 04 Mar 2009 19:15:00 +0000

Textbook provides an introduction to the major principles of pharmacology and clinical uses. Each chapter includes study questions and case studies. Provides a section on physiology followed by a detailed listing of the various drugs used to treat specific conditions.

Basic and Clinical Pharmacology

Madjackfrost — Wed, 04 Mar 2009 19:04:00 +0000

Features:

In-depth coverage of key pharmacology topics, from basic principles to pharmacologic considerations for autonomic, cardiovascular-renal, smooth muscle, CNS, endocrine, antimicrobial, and chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic drugs . .

Updated with dozens of new, recently approved drugs, including monoclonal antibodies. .

Detailed review of the mechanism of action and toxicities of traditional and newer drugs . .

Critical discussions of treatment strategies and recommended drugs for all major diseases . .

Valuable section on toxicology that provides an introduction to occupational and environmental toxicology; heavy metal intoxication and chelators; and management of the poisoned patient . .

Ready-to-use, study-enhancing features, including special interest boxes, lists of common preparations, and dosage information . .

Unique evidence-based chapters on abused drugs; special aspects of perinatal, pediatric, and geriatric pharmacology; and over-the-counter drugs, herbal medications, and nutritional supplements . .

More than 500 concept-clarifying illustrations and tables throughout.

Turning up the Heat on Pain: TRPV1 Receptors in Pain and Inflammation

Madjackfrost — Wed, 04 Mar 2009 18:57:00 +0000

About this book

Vanilloids mediate their effects by selective agonism of an ion channel, the vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1). TRPV1 is a ligand-gated, non-selective, cation channel preferentially expressed in small-diameter, primary afferent neurons, including nociceptive sensory nerves. In addition to be activated by capsaicin and related vanilloids, TRPV1 responds to heat and extracellular acidification, and will integrate simultaneous exposures to these stimuli.

The aim of this book is to summarize recent insights in the role of TRPV1 in pain and inflammation, and to discuss how modulation of this receptor may lead to important advances in analgesic drug development. Insights into the prospects for the therapeutic potential of TRPV1 activation or inhibition, particularly in various painful or inflammatory conditions, are provided. The volume is written for basic scientists and clinicians interested in the mechanisms of pain, inflammation and the treatment of these conditions.

Written for:

Basic scientists and clinicians interested in the mechanisms of pain, inflammation and the treatment of these conditions